浅层地震反射在郧西盆地断层探测中的应用与研究     

林松  罗登贵  李媛  周欣 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(2):146-148

在前期详细地质调查的基础上,对郧西盆地进行针对性的浅层地震反射勘探,并利用地震发射结果来确定断层位置及构造特征。该研究对南水北调中线核心水源区地震安全系统的建设有一定意义。  相似文献   

Does a one point sample adequately characterize the lake environment for paleoenvironmental calibration studies?     

J. Bunbury  K. Gajewski 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(4):511-531

A major goal of paleolimnological studies is the quantification of past environmental conditions. This is accomplished by computing transfer functions relating organism assemblages to environmental factors. The environmental data are typically comprised of a point sample of water chemistry and other environmental parameters that are collected at the same time as a surface sediment sample. We explore whether the year of sampling of the environmental variables affects the parameterization of organism-environment relations, in particular chironomids, ostracodes and diatoms. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed that the year of sampling is of secondary importance when relating the organism assemblages to environmental variables, but only with the major explanatory variables. A chironomid-inferred bottom water temperature partial least squares transfer function revealed similar performance statistics between the years. Taxon optima and tolerances were computed for both years using weighted averaging, and the results are comparable. A paired t-test computed on the proxy-inferred bottom water temperature values indicated that the results between the 2 years are not statistically different. The results of this study provide guarded optimism that the methodology of estimating transfer functions as currently applied is not entirely determined by the particular year when the data were collected, although more case studies are needed.  相似文献   

Potential implications of differential preservation of testate amoeba shells for paleoenvironmental reconstruction in peatlands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Edward A. D. Mitchell  Richard J. Payne  Mariusz Lamentowicz 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(2):603-618

Testate amoebae are now commonly used in paleoenvironmental studies but little is known of their taphonomy. There is some experimental evidence for differential preservation of some testate amoeba shell types over others, but it is unclear what, if any impact this has on palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. To investigate this issue we looked at palaeoecological evidence for the preservation of different shell types. We then investigated the possible impact of selective preservation on quantitative palaeoenvironmental inference. We first used existing palaeoecological data sets to assess the vertical patterns of relative abundance in four testate amoeba shell types: (1) shells made of secreted biosilica plates (idiosomes, e.g. Euglypha), (2) idiosomes with thick organic coating (Assulina), (3) proteinaceous shells (e.g. Hyalosphenia), (4) shells built from recycled organic or mineral particles (xenosomes) (e.g. Difflugia, Centropyxis). In three diagrams a clear pattern of decay was only observed for the idiosome type. In order to assess the implications of differential preservation of testate amoeba taxa for paleoenvironmental reconstruction we then carried out simulations using three existing transfer functions and a wide range of scenarios, downweighting different test categories to represent the impact of selective test decomposition. Simulation results showed that downweighting generally reduced overall model performance. However downweighting a shell type only produced a consistent directional bias in inferred water table depth where that shell type is both dominant and shows a clear preference along the ecological gradient. Applying a scenario derived from previous experimental work did not lead to significant difference in inferred water table. Our results show that differential shell preservation has little impact on paleohydrological reconstruction from Sphagnum-dominated peatlands. By contrast, for the minerotrophic peatlands data-set loss of idiosome tests leads to consistent underestimation of water table depth. However there are few studies from fens and it is possible that idiosome tests are not always dominant, and/or that differential decomposition is less marked than in Sphagnum peatlands. Further work is clearly needed to assess the potential of testate amoebae for paleoecological studies of minerotrophic peatlands.  相似文献   

桂江流域土壤侵蚀估算及其时空特征分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈萍  Lian Yanqing  蒋忠诚  覃小群 《中国岩溶》2014,33(4):473-482

桂江流域的水土流失现状研究对珠江三角洲的水生态安全有重要的现实意义。采用修正的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）估算了桂江流域的土壤侵蚀模数与年侵蚀总量,分析流域内土壤侵蚀的时空分布特征,探讨了影响该区域土壤侵蚀强度的自然与人文因素。结果表明,桂江流域51.8%的地表都在发生不同程度的土壤侵蚀。从全流域平均土壤侵蚀强度来看,属于中度侵蚀。从土壤侵蚀面积来看,约85%的地表处于微度、轻度与中度侵蚀。4-6月的全流域平均土壤侵蚀强度最大,侵蚀总量也是最大的。流域的土壤侵蚀主要发生在高程在30~600m的低山丘陵-高地地貌区内的林地与耕地中。流域内岩溶区的土壤侵蚀强度随着石漠化程度从无到中度逐渐增加,轻、中度石漠化区的土壤侵蚀强度达到强度侵蚀等级。   相似文献   

NWC通信台在电离层中激发电磁响应的时变特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

赵庶凡  张学民  赵正予  申旭辉  周晨 《地球物理学报》2015,58(7):2263-2273

本文利用DEMETER卫星VLF频段电场和磁场频谱数据对DEMETER卫星运行期间2005年至2009年澳大利亚甚低频(Very Low Frequency)通信台NWC发射的通信信号造成的电离层电磁响应的日变化、季节变化及年变化特征进行了统计分析,统计结果表明电磁响应日变化显著,夜间电场强度明显增强可达40dB,磁场变化略小也可为15dB左右,而季节变化不显著,年变化主要受太阳活动的影响,太阳活动越强,电磁响应越小.为解释数据分析结果,对地-电离层电磁波传播过程采用传递矩阵方法进行了模拟计算,模拟结果与数据分析的结果一致.我们认为这种随时间变化的特点可能由250km以下电离层电子密度分布特征导致,因此研究250km以下的电离层电子密度变化可能对寻找地震电离层电磁异常有重要意义.  相似文献   

探讨利用SCIAMACHY数据反演温室气体二氧化碳   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖秀英  孙九林  吕宁  王卷乐  程辉 《地球物理学进展》2012,27(3):837-845

自工业革命以来CO2已经成为引起全球气候变暖的一种最主要的人为温室气体,由此引起的全球气候变化是当今社会经济可持续发展面临的最严峻挑战之一.为了更好的研究二氧化碳在时间与空间尺度上的格局及变化,综合分析CO2与太阳辐射、地面反照率、气溶胶等要素之间的关系,本文回顾了以往利用新型卫星传感器获取多源遥感数据的特点,分析了多种反演计算方法的优缺点,并结合地面实测数据进行对比分析的方法与理论,全面阐述国际上有关CO2柱浓度反演的思想.作者认为目前在地面观测站较少的情况下,针对先进的SCIAMACHY传感器数据利用DOAS相关算法及BESD算法进行CO2柱体浓度反演的数据连续,技术成熟,并由此提出了下一步工作中应解决的3个问题.  相似文献   

气候波动和人类活动对南水北调中线工程典型流域径流影响的定量评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李凌程  张利平  夏军  闪丽洁  刘恋 《气候变化研究进展》2014,10(2):118-126

以南水北调中线工程典型流域汉江上游流域和滦河流域为研究对象,采用敏感性分析法、降水?径流双累积曲线法、累积量斜率变化率比较法定量评估了气候波动和人类活动对流域径流变化的影响。结果表明：汉江上游流域和滦河流域变异Ⅰ/Ⅱ期年均径流深相对于基准期分别减少了29.5% / 19.1%和49.8% / 70.0%;对于汉江上游流域,1991-1999年（变异Ⅰ期）气候波动是径流减少的主要影响因素,2000-2008年（变异Ⅱ期）人类活动则是径流减少的主要影响因素,且人类活动对汉江上游流域径流减少的影响逐步增加;对于滦河流域,1980-2010年（变异Ⅰ/Ⅱ期）人类活动一直是径流减少的主要影响因素,且气候波动和人类活动对径流减少的影响贡献率基本保持不变。  相似文献   

最大准则优化技术在贴体网格中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

贾艳艳  邢学军  史基安  孙国强 《地球物理学报》2014,57(4):1275-1283

贴体网格在地质数值模拟中具有广阔的应用前景,为解决贴体网格生成时边界离散问题,提出了最大长度准则和最大面积准则,把曲线逼近和曲面网格优化问题转化为数学优化问题,为求解该问题,提出了改进的单粒子优化算法.试验表明,最大长度准则和最大面积准则的优化效果好于常规方法;以改进的单粒子优化算法求解该问题时,计算效率是智能单粒子优化算法的30倍左右（节点量为200）,从而实现最大长度准则和最大面积准则在贴体网格生成中的应用.针对最大面积准则优化曲面网格不能控制网格步长的情况,提出了限定步长的网格优化算法,使网格步长合理化,并通过实例验证了该算法的有效性.研究成果提供了生成贴体网格时边界优化准则和求解方法,对今后复杂边界的贴体网格生成具有重要意义.  相似文献   

2005年新疆克孜尔震群的重新定位     

李志海  曲延军  马宏生  翟世龙  吴传勇 《地震》2008,28(1):107-113

用双差地震定位法对2005年9月23日克孜尔震群进行重新定位。 从平面上, 重新定位地震集中分布在一个长约14.5 km, 宽约 9.0 km的长方形内, 其长轴为N30°W向, 与克孜尔断裂近乎垂直。 从震源深度来看, 重新定位地震的震源深度全部分布在21 km以内, 集中分布在10~19 km, 平均深度为13.6 km; 震群中绝大部分小震发生在沉积层内, 而震级较大地震基本发生在结晶地壳的上地壳内。 其剖面图显示, 这次震群是从结晶地壳开始沿着N30°W方向向上破裂至沉积层。 根据震区附近断裂性质和该区历史小震震中分布分析认为, 克孜尔水库库区附近可能存在两条共轭断裂, 右翼断裂可能是这次震群的发震构造。  相似文献   

Thermal equation of state of magnesite to 32 GPa and 2073 K     

Konstantin D. Litasov  Yingwei Fei  Eiji Ohtani  Takahiro Kuribayashi  Kenichi Funakoshi 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2008,168(3-4):191-203

Pressure–volume–temperature relations have been measured to 32 GPa and 2073 K for natural magnesite (Mg_0.975Fe_0.015Mn_0.006Ca_0.004CO₃) using synchrotron X-ray diffraction with a multianvil apparatus at the SPring-8 facility. A least-squares fit of the room-temperature compression data to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (EOS) yielded K₀ = 97.1 ± 0.5 GPa and K′ = 5.44 ± 0.07, with fixed V₀ = 279.55 ± 0.02 Å³. Further analysis of the high-temperature compression data yielded the temperature derivative of the bulk modulus (∂K_T/∂T)_P = −0.013 ± 0.001 GPa/K and zero-pressure thermal expansion α = a₀ + a₁T with a₀ = 4.03 (7) × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ and a₁ = 0.49 (10) × 10⁻⁸ K⁻². The Anderson–Grüneisen parameter is estimated to be δ_T = 3.3. The analysis of axial compressibility and thermal expansivity indicates that the c-axis is over three times more compressible (K_Tc = 47 ± 1 GPa) than the a-axis (K_Tc = 157 ± 1 GPa), whereas the thermal expansion of the c-axis (a₀ = 6.8 (2) × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ and a₁ = 2.2 (4) × 10⁻⁸ K⁻²) is greater than that of the a-axis (a₀ = 2.7 (4) × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ and a₁ = −0.2 (2) × 10⁻⁸ K⁻²). The present thermal EOS enables us to accurately calculate the density of magnesite to the deep mantle conditions. Decarbonation of a subducting oceanic crust containing 2 wt.% magnesite would result in a 0.6% density reduction at 30 GPa and 1273 K. Using the new EOS parameters we performed thermodynamic calculations for magnesite decarbonation reactions at pressures to 20 GPa. We also estimated stability of magnesite-bearing assemblages in the lower mantle.  相似文献